The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

XXXVIII.d

XXXVIII - Miscellaneous - Varia

Death following exposure or poisoning

Last update 17/06/2026

Can be intentional, deliberate, inadvertent, by mistake, or by proxy. Sudden or delayed. See also under XI r/s. Death may occur from overdose, poisoning, intoxication, asphyxia, arrhythmia or CPA. Acute coronary event or be qualified as 'sudden cardiac death'. Laboratory evaluation and forensic measurements of drug(s) and substance(s) of interest on blood or tissue samples at/from autopsy is indicated in any unexplained death (PMID 24365689). See also under XIr. Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of 200+ drugs on PMID 15172079

Causative drugs

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic