XXVII - Dyspnea, lone
Last update 17/06/2026
Usually , subacute/chronic, lone, with no definite evidence for underlying involvement, disease or explanation. A workup for drug-induced asthma, the 'locked lung', pulmonary embolism, and hemoglobinpathies is required. Ticagrelor is a significant etiologic contributor to this pattern
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
