The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

XXXVI.c

XXXVI - Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions

Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic)

Last update 25/08/2022

Several drugs can cause a mimic of naturally-occurring endo- and/or extra-thoracic sarcoid-like reaction/sarcoidosis, or a flare of previously diagnosed sarcoidosis (particularly with the use of interferon, anti-TNF agents, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (PMID: 27504482). Both the timing of exposure to the drug and the effect of discontinuation are important to evaluate whether the condition is drug-related. Examination of the skin including scars and/or tatoo edges for evidence of granuloma can be rewarding (PMID 24239377). See also under PMID 33905479, VIIa, VIIe, and XL.

Causative drugs

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic