VIII.a
VIII - Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease and/or dysfunction
Last update 17/06/2026
See PMID 19683643, 20716786, 23769407, 26833208
The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App
Causative drugs
4
Frequency - Incidence
Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases
Evidence level/grade
Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic
I.a
II.a
II.b
III.a
IV.a
VI.a
VI.c
VII.a
X.a
X.f
XI.i
XII.b
XIV.a
XIV.f
XIV.l
XIV.o
XV.a
XVI.e
XXI.a
XXI.c
XXII.b
XXIV.a
XXIV.b
XXIV.c
XXIV.f
XXIV.h
XXIV.j
XXIV.k
XXIV.m
XXIV.n
XXIV.p
XXIV.r
XXIV.s
XXIV.t
XXIV.w
XXIV.ad
XXVI.a
XXVIII.a
XXVIII.m
XXIX.a
XXX.i
XXXIII.m
XXXIII.y
XXXIV.e
XXXIV.f
XXXIV.g
XXXVI.b
XXXVI.c
XXXVI.f
XXXVI.q
XXXVIII.k
XXXVIII.n
XXXVIII.y