Back

The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

Gemcitabine

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II - Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)

II.a

Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
II.l

Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest

VI - Cardiomyopathy

VI.a

Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)

X - Pulmonary edema - ALI/ARDS

X.b

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
X.f

Capillary leak syndrome (CLS)

XI - Pulmonary vasculopathies

XI.a

Pulmonary arterial hypertension
XI.i

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

XII - Pericardial involvement

XII.b

Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)
XII.n

Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative)

XIV - Pleural involvement

XIV.a

Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs)

XV - Chest pain

XV.a

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XV.e

Pleuritis (can cause chest pain)

XVI - Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma

XVI.e

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI.j

Major/massive hemoptysis

XX - Vasculitis

XX.c

Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative)

XXII - Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure

XXII.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury

XXIV - Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis

XXIV.a

Pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease/ILD)
XXIV.b

Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may produce the ARDS pattern)
XXIV.c

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.d

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV.f

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf)
XXIV.h

Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.n

Subclinical pulmonary infiltrates/ILD
XXIV.w

Radiation recall pneumonitis

XXIX - Small airway involvement

XXIX.j

Bronchospasm and angioedema

XXX - Imaging features

XXX.l

Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing
XXX.ab

Imaging: Diffuse haze

XXXIII - Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)

XXXIII.k

Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa)

XXXIV - Infections

XXXIV.g

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

XXXVI - Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions

XXXVI.q

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)