The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

X.a

Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic

Publications

Diaz O, Sande K, Loyola G, Muguruza G

A Shocking Outcome: Cardioversion-Induced Flash Pulmonary Edema.

Cureus. 2025;17(1):e78249

Nawrocka I, Kaczyńska A, Abramczyk P

Electric cardioversion of atrial fibrillation resulting in pulmonary oedema in patient with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 2015;38(227):278-9

Goli AK, Koduri M, Byrd RP, Mackall J

Acute pulmonary edema associated with direct current cardioversion in a structurally normal heart.

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine. 2008;9(2):137-41

Rollán MJ, San Román JA, Bratos JL, Muñoz AC, Casero A, Carrasco FJ

Acute pulmonary edema secondary to myocardial damage after electrical cardioversion.

Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE. 2003;26(12):2330-2

Kobayashi N, Takayama M, Yamaura S, Ushimaru H, Ochi T, Saito M

Pulmonary edema after cardioversion for paroxysmal atrial flutter: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction induced by direct current shock.

Japanese circulation journal. 2000;64(1):76-9

Faivre G, Cherrier F, Polu JM

[Treatment of auricular fibrillation by external electric shock. IV. Complications].

Coeur et medecine interne. 1969;8(4):487-94