The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XXXVIII.d

Death following exposure or poisoning

Publications

Favia M, Santoiemma I, Mita Q, Strisciullo G, Introna F, De Donno A

Methadone overdose in patients following methadone mainte- nance treatment:A three years overview in the district of Bari (South-Italy).

La Clinica terapeutica. 2021;172(3):247-249

Lusetti M, Licata M, Silingardi E, Reggiani Bonetti L, Palmiere C

Therapeutic and recreational methadone cardiotoxicity.

Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2016;39:80-4

Nielsen MK, Johansen SS, Linnet K

Evaluation of poly-drug use in methadone-related fatalities using segmental hair analysis.

Forensic science international. 2015;248:134-9

Aghabiklooei A, Edalatparvar M, Zamani N, Mostafazadeh B

Prognostic factors in acute methadone toxicity: a 5-year study.

Journal of toxicology. 2014;2014:341826

Winklhofer S, Surer E, Ampanozi G, Ruder T, Stolzmann P, Elliott M, Oestreich A, Kraemer T, Thali M, Alkadhi H, Schweitzer W

Post-mortem whole body computed tomography of opioid (heroin and methadone) fatalities: frequent findings and comparison to autopsy.

European radiology. 2014;24(6):1276-82

Albion C, Shkrum M, Cairns J

Contributing factors to methadone-related deaths in Ontario.

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology. 2010;31(4):313-9