The Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for cardiac adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XIII.f

Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome

Publications

Phan TT, Tran AT, Dinh QM, Trinh TH, Vu VG

Possible ARDS Following Cosmetic Lipolysis: A Case Report Urging Caution in Aesthetic Medicine.

The American journal of case reports. 2026;27:e951294

Chaghamirzayi P, Ahmadi Nejad M, Azizmanesh M, Maghsoudi MR, Nematollahi S, Karimi Rozveh J

Fat embolism following liposuction: A systematic review of reported cases.

Current problems in surgery. 2025;68:101750

Ansari Y, Ansari SA, Hussain M, Kazimuddin N, Khan TMA

Fat Pulmonary Embolism With Crazy-Paving Pattern Opacities and Pneumothorax: A Rare Complication of Liposuction.

Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40607

Recinos S, Barillas S, Rodas A, Ardebol J

A rare case of fat embolism syndrome secondary to abdominal liposuction and gluteal fat infiltration.

Journal of surgical case reports. 2020;2020(12):rjaa441

Cantu CA, Pavlisko EN

Liposuction-Induced Fat Embolism Syndrome: A Brief Review and Postmortem Diagnostic Approach.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2018;142(7):871-875

Byeon SW, Ban TH, Rhee CK

A Case of Acute Fulminant Fat Embolism Syndrome after Liposuction Surgery.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases. 2015;78(4):423-7

Cohen L, Engdahl R, Latrenta G

Hypoxia after abdominal and thigh liposuction: pulmonary embolism or fat embolism?

Eplasty. 2014;14:ic19

Senen D, Atakul D, Erten G, Erdoğan B, Lortlar N

Evaluation of the risk of systemic fat mobilization and fat embolus following liposuction with dry and tumescent technique: an experimental study on rats.

Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2009;33(5):730-7

Wang HD, Zheng JH, Deng CL, Liu QY, Yang SL

Fat embolism syndromes following liposuction.

Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2008;32(5):731-6

Rothmann C, Ruschel N, Streiff R, Pitti R, Bollaert PE

[Fat pulmonary embolism after liposuction].

Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation. 2006;25(2):189-92

Platt MS, Kohler LJ, Ruiz R, Cohle SD, Ravichandran P

Deaths associated with liposuction: case reports and review of the literature.

Journal of forensic sciences. 2002;47(1):205-7

Fourme T, Vieillard-Baron A, Loubières Y, Julié C, Page B, Jardin F

Early fat embolism after liposuction.

Anesthesiology. 1998;89(3):782-4